Starlings and people · 1486 to 2026
How a fifteenth-century word for starlings became a way of talking about people who organise without a leader. Five strands run side by side: the word, the science, organising, David Pinto’s own dates, and yours.
Read this one reflexively. Think of the year murmuration first reached you as a way of seeing people: a film, a talk, a flock at dusk. Set the slider to that year, then let each entry remind you where you were. How this works ↓
The word in books, uses per billion words (Google Books, English)
Set the slider above to the year murmuration reached you, and this line will tell you which part of the wave you were in.
Then show someone older or younger, and ask when it reached them.
So others can see when it reached you, by name. Your year goes up publicly under your handle, where anyone, and anyone’s AI, can compare it, and you can take it down here at any time.
Reading the beach for the people who have put their year there…
Most charts ask you to take in information and think about your own life afterwards, once you look away. These pages ask for both at once. When your own dot sits on the line, each entry stops being something to learn and starts working as a cue. A keyword such as Walkman, Facebook or ChatGPT is enough to bring back where you were, who you were with, and what it felt like. The memories are already yours. The page gives them somewhere to land while you are still looking.
David Pinto, who made these pages, compares it to getting film of yourself surfing: you see where you were in the wave while you remember how the ride felt. He calls this reflexive reading. The screen was a window onto other people’s history. With your dot on it, it becomes a mirror in which you can find yourself.
The point is social placement. We all take part in how things spread, whether or not anyone writes our names down. Histories record the moment a technology or an idea broke through and the few people named at that moment. Every wave also carried people who were there before it broke: using it early, talking about it, passing it on. The tinder marks those years. If your dot lands there, you were part of the conditions before the flame.
The hundredth-monkey story, in which one more monkey learns a trick and the whole troop suddenly knows it, is a parable rather than a finding. Its first ninety-nine are real in every adoption curve, though, and almost none of them are remembered.
Older readers have more of each wave stored, so this works best alongside someone of another generation. Compare where your dots fall and tell each other what each one brings back. Reading is relational: what one person remembers changes what the other sees.
This is also what the beach is for. Success gets recorded after the fact. The beach tries to make the preconditions visible before anything happens: the flint, the tinder, and the people already gathered when the spark arrives.
On this page the wave has three parts. The tinder runs until November 2011, when the idea was in the air but the word was rare. The spark is the film and the two years in which the word turned and its use doubled. The flame is everything after, when the image was everywhere and organisations began to take its name. David’s own first uses, in London in 2007 and at a holacracy meeting in 2009, sit in the tinder.
To try it: move the slider slowly from left to right. Stop wherever something catches, and notice what comes back before you read the label.
Each entry links to its own source. David’s dates are his recollection. The phases follow the word’s use in books, which lags speech by a year or two.
Made by David Pinto with keel (Claude Opus 5.5, max effort), October 2026.
All the animations · Reflexive charts, what they are · Your place in the wave, its sister